
Transport is one of the sectors in which Romania needs to reduce the pressure on the climate and air quality. According to Romania’s Long-Term Strategy for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Government Decision 1215/2023), between 1990 and 2019, emissions from the transport sector rose by 41%, reaching 18,937 kt CO₂ equivalent in 2019, with road transport as the dominant source – representing approximately 96% of the sector’s total.

source: https://sgg.gov.ro/1/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/ANEXA-1-21.pdf
Along the DN1 – Otopeni – Bucharest corridor, this reality is evident every day: the link between the capital, the northern region and Henri Coandă International Airport relies heavily on private cars, taxis and other road vehicles. M6 Metro Line changes this equation, offering a fast, predictable public transport alternative with significantly lower operational emissions per passenger.
Car versus metro
We can make a comparison: let’s take as a reference the road distance of approximately 16-17 km between the Gara de Nord area and Henri Coandă / Otopeni International Airport. Our World in Data indicates, based on UK government reporting figures, approximately 170 g CO₂e/km¹ for a petrol-powered car and approximately 35 g CO₂e/passenger-km for domestic rail transport.
For urban light rail and metro systems, the 2024 UK government methodology (DESNZ – GHG Conversion Factors) indicates an average of 26.16 g CO₂e/passenger-km, whilst for the Glasgow Underground the figure is 34.70 g CO₂e/passenger-km. These values are international benchmarks for comparison, not official factors specific to M6 Metro Line or Romania.
Applying these benchmarks to a distance of 16-17 km, a car journey with a single occupant generates approximately 2.7-2.9 kg CO₂e one way, or 5.4-5.8 kg CO₂e for a return trip. For urban electric transport (26-35 g CO₂e per passenger-km), the same journey would generate approximately 0.42-0.60 kg CO₂e one way, or 0.83-1.19 kg CO₂e return.
The difference is significant: for every passenger who chooses the metro instead of a private car, the estimated saving is around 2.1-2.5 kg CO₂e one way, or 4.2-5.0 kg CO₂e for a return journey. Assuming a car with a single occupant, the metro can have a carbon footprint some 5 to 6.5 times smaller per passenger-km, depending on the emission factor used and on how heavily the system is loaded.
The other emissions matter too
CO₂ is not the only relevant pollutant. Road traffic generates nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and particulate matter, PM10 and PM2.5. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA) – Emissions of air pollutants from transport, the pollutants emitted by transport contribute to the deterioration of air quality and put pressure on human health. Although exhaust emissions have dicreased in recent decades, particles from the wear of brakes, tyres and road surfaces remain an important component of the pollution generated by road transport.
The electric metro produces no exhaust emissions along its route. Therefore, for journeys transferred from car or taxi to the metro, M6 Metro Line will help reduce local emissions in the areas it crosses and ease the pressure created by road traffic on the Otopeni – Bucharest corridor. The benefit is not only climatic but also urban: more public transport means more predictable mobility, a more efficient link with the airport and a real alternative for the residents, employees and visitors of the northern area of the capital.
M6 Metro Line is a public utility project of national interest, which provides the link between the metro network and Henri Coandă International Airport and contributes to the development of the trans-European transport network TEN-T. The project is not only an investment in infrastructure, but also an urban mobility measure with direct effects on emissions, air quality and connectivity between Bucharest and the airport.
¹CO₂e/km = carbon dioxide equivalent per kilometre. CO₂e (CO₂ equivalent) is a unit of measurement that includes not only carbon dioxide (CO₂) but also the other greenhouse gases, expressed as CO₂ equivalent. Cars also emit methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), not just CO₂. CO₂e adds them all into a single figure, converting them according to their global warming potential. In practice, for a car the difference from pure CO₂ is small, so when the article says “170 g CO₂e/km”, it can be read as “roughly 170 g of greenhouse gases per km, expressed as CO₂”. Per km means per kilometre travelled, with a single passenger in the car (or per passenger-km for public transport, where the emissions are divided by the number of people in the vehicle).
Sources:
Romania’s Long-Term Strategy (GD 1215/2023) | Our World in Data – Travel Carbon Footprint | UK Gov GHG Conversion Factors 2024 | CNAB – Statistical data 2024 | EEA – GHG emissions from transport | EEA – Pollutants from transport
















